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Mapro Hydraulic cylinders Sales and production programme
SALES AND PRODUCTION PROGRAMME
Hydraulic cylinders
Single acting hydraulic cylinders
ME18
ME18 Plu.
Telescopic cylinders
Double acting hydraulic cylinders
MD18
ISO 6020 - 1
ISO 6020 - 2
ISO 6022
Telescopic cylinders
Special design
Chromium plated bars/piston rods
Tubes for hydraulic cylinders
Hydraulic seals
Rod ends
Bearings
Bushes
Cast iron
Component parts for hydraulic cylinders
Hydraulic components

MAPRO d.o.o. (Ltd.)
Industrijska ulica 12
4226 Žiri - Slovenia
European Union

T: +386 4 510 50 90
F: +386 4 510 50 91
E: sales@mapro.si

Working hours:
Monday - Friday:
7.00 a.m. - 3.00 p.m.
10.00 a.m. - 10.30 a.m. closed
Saturday, Sunday and holidays: closed
 

 

Hidravlični cilindri in njihovi sestavni deli - MAPRO d.o.o.

 


 

Entry page Sales and production programme Hydraulic cylinders

Hydraulic cylinders

What is a hydraulic cylinder?
A hydraulic cylinder is a key hydraulic component. It serves as a hydraulic consumer that converts the energy of the hydraulic fluid into useful work. Its input value is the hydraulic fluid under pressure acting on the surface of the hydraulic cylinder piston. This causes a linear movement of the piston and thus the piston rod, which is connected to the load. Therefore, the energy of the hydraulic fluid is transformed into a controllable power, which acts in a straight line. The hydraulic medium is usually mineral oil, and in hydraulics, synthetic oils and emulsions, as well as water (water hydraulics), are also used.

Hydraulic cylinder components
Hydraulic cylinders are composed of two main elements, namely the barrel and the piston with an attached piston rod. The cylinder bottom and the cylinder head close both sides of the barrel respectively. The piston rod exits through the cylinder head. The piston, equipped with seals and sliding rings, divides the inside of the cylinder into two chambers, the lower pressure chamber and the upper piston rod chamber. The hydraulic pressure is generated by the piston that moves the piston rod in a linear direction. This type of cylinder is also called a double–acting hydraulic cylinder.
 
A more detailed description of the components:
 

Hydraulic cylinder barrel

The barrel is typically a seamless forged tube, which is ground and/or honed internally.
 

Hydraulic cylinder base

The base is welded or screwed to the cylinder barrel, although the base of some cylinders can be with or without a flange.
 

Hydraulic cylinder head

The head is typically attached with a screw connection, but can also be welded or attached to the barrel with a spring ring. The grooved inside of the cylinder head contains piston rod seals, a rod wiper and glands.
 

Hydraulic cylinder piston

The piston divides the cylinders into two chambers. The piston is sealed with a piston seal guided with guide rings, which prevents the passing of the oil between the chambers. The pressure difference between both chambers triggers cylinder movement.
 

Hydraulic cylinder piston rod

Piston rods are typically made from high–tolerance, hard chrome–plated cold–rolled steel. Piston rods are mounted onto the piston on one side and enter from the cylinder through the cylinder head on the other. An eye or flange is typically attached to the exterior side of the piston rod. Piston rods can be tempered, double chromed, hollow or stainless steel.
 

Welded port

These are used to supply the hydraulic fluid to and from the cylinder. Welded ports are available in inch and metric diameter values.
 

Cylinder seals

There are several types of cylinder seals. They vary according to their shape, material and installation method, as well as the operating temperature range and pressure of the hydraulic cylinder.
 

Rod end

The rod end is intended for connecting the cylinder to the load through the sliding bearing or bushes.
 

Self - locking nut

The self–locking nut is used for attaching the piston rod to the piston in certain types of applications.
 

Spring ring

It is used to limit the stroke of the plunger cylinder and to mount the cylinder head (with a spring ring).
 

Cylinder trunnion

For a pivotal installation of the cylinder.
 

Cylinder flange

It is used in flange connection.
 

Screw plug

Screw plugs protect the welded connections, and thus the interior of the cylinder, from impurities.
 

Bushes

Bushes are usually built into the welded rod ends of the cylinders. There are steel and self–lubricating bushes.
 

Sliding bearings

Sliding bearings are built into the cylinder heads that serve as a connection and attachment of the cylinder to the load.

 

How does a hydraulic cylinder function?
A hydraulic cylinder usually has only one piston rod. This type of cylinder is referred to as differential hydraulic cylinder. A feature of this cylinder is that the surface area of the piston under working pressure differs from the surface area of the piston rod. This cylinder has a greater pushing force in comparison to the pulling force in the amount of the surface area ratio. The opposite applies to the speed of the working and return stroke of the cylinder. The return stroke is faster than the working stroke in the amount of the surface area ratio. Cylinders with double–acting piston rods typically have identical piston surface areas and identical working and return strokes.
 
Fields of application
Hydraulic cylinders are used wherever great strength is required. This applies to all branches of industry, particularly to:

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
In mechanical engineering hydraulic cylinders are used for transportation devices, hoists, hydraulic presses, forming machines, feeding devices, automated production lines, plastic forming machines, production of ecological equipment, etc.

AGRICULTURE
In agriculture hydraulic cylinders are used for working machinery (tractors, combine harvesters, loaders, etc.), tractor attachments, stable equipment, hydraulic wood splitters, etc.

CIVIL ENGINEERING
In civil engineering hydraulic cylinders are used for working machinery (excavators, bulldozers, trenchers) and attachments, hoists, material preparation, etc.

SHIPBUILDING
In shipbuilding hydraulic cylinders are used for transportation equipment, steering, hoists, etc.

ENERGY INDUSTRY
In the energy industry hydraulic cylinders are most commonly used in hydroelectric stations to control the gates and
regulate the water flow, etc.

FOOD INDUSTRY
In the food industry hydraulic cylinders are used for conveyor belts, production lines, etc.

MOTOR VEHICLE INDUSTRY

AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRY


Classification of hydraulic cylinders
According to the method of functioning hydraulic cylinders are classified as double–acting, single–acting, plunger cylinders and telescopic cylinders.
 

DOUBLE-ACTING HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

Double–acting cylinders are the most common type of cylinders. Double–acting cylinders apply strokes in both directions, whereby the pushing force exceeds the pulling force in the amount of the surface area ratio.
 

DOUBLE-ACTING HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS WITH DOUBLE ROD ENDS

These type of cylinders are equipped with a piston rod on both sides of the piston. The volume in both pressure chambers always remain the same, and so does the entry and exit velocity of the cylinder.
 

SINGLE-ACTING PISTON HYDRAULIC CYLINDER

The characteristic of the single–acting piston hydraulic cylinder is that the operating stroke is only generated in a single direction; whereas, the return stroke is enabled by the load, spring or any other exterior force. Typically the working stroke can be generated as cylinder extraction, therefore this cylinder is a push cylinder; or the working stroke can be generated as cylinder contraction. This type of cylinder is called a pull cylinder.
 

PLUNGER CYLINDER

A plunger cylinder is a single–acting cylinder without a piston, whose function is assumed by the piston rod itself. Therefore, the operating surface of the cylinder is the cross–section of the piston rod itself. Due to the absence of a piston, the cylinders should be equipped with additional axial guidance.
 

TELESCOPIC CYLINDER

Telescopic cylinders or multi–stage cylinders are composed of a number of cylinders stacked on top of each other. Where the cylinder barrel also acts as a piston rod. Cylinders can have two, three, four, five or even six stages. They are most often used where the cylinder installation length is less than the required stroke. Most telescopic cylinders are single–acting, but there are also double–acting telescopic cylinders available.
 

TANDEM CYLINDER

Tandem cylinders are two interconnected cylinders. The piston rod of the first cylinder enters through the base of the second cylinder and pushes its base. In this manner the greater effective surface area of both pistons generates greater force, despite a small cylinder diameter and unaltered operating pressure.

 
Furthermore, hydraulic cylinders can be classified according to the method of installation:
-     MM - basic construction without attachment,
-     MA - eyelet attachment with a spherical bearing,
-     MB - eyelet attachment with bushes,
-     MD - trunnion attachment,
-     MF - front flange attachment,
-     MF - rear flange attachment,
-     special designs.
 

We have only provided you with a brief overview of the well–known hydraulic cylinders and there are still more which are also produced by us. Special and custom products are very welcome in our production plant, even in small quantities. Thanks to our size we are very flexible and adaptable for all our customers’ requests.

 
There are many different sub–types of hydraulic cylinders, such as:
-     Hydraulic cylinders with sensors,
-     Hydraulic cylinders with yardsticks,
-     Hydraulic cylinders for high temperatures,
-     Hydraulic guiding cylinder,
-     Hydraulic cylinders with hydraulic or mechanical locking.


All our hydraulic cylinders are economical, efficient and reliable. We can also produce any kind of special or custom hydraulic cylinders. We try to make all products manufactured by us as space-efficient as possible, but not at the cost of performance or efficiency. The possible applications are endless in the field of power transmission.

Sales and production programme

Hydraulic cylinders Single acting hydraulic cylinders Double acting hydraulic cylinders Chromium plated bars/piston rods Tubes for hydraulic cylinders Hydraulic seals Rod ends
Bearings Bushes Cast iron Component parts for hydraulic cylinders Hydraulic components

Service

Development and project engineering of hydraulic cylinders Machine cutting Hydraulic cylinder repair and service Machine processing

About the company

Why MAPRO d.o.o. (Ltd.) ? Introduction and history Vision and mission Company details Contact persons Quality Development and project engineering of hydraulic cylinders How to reach us
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